The specific case of the iranian american immigrant cannot be understood without background knowledge of the events that transpired before, during and after the 1979 revolution. In the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini ousted mohammad reza pahlavi, who succeeded his father as shah of iran in the early 1950s. The year that shaped the modern middle east new york. However, its important to remember that the iranian revolution itself was more than a religious uprising. The 1979 iranian revolution council on foreign relations. The iranian revolution of 19781979 violently e nded the monarchy of shah mohammed reza pahlavi 19191980 and replaced it with an islamic republic, the theocracy of ayatollah ruhollah. Revisiting foucault and the iranian revolution new politics. The 1979 iranian revolutions enduring impact on the world. A number of factors contributed to the failure of the.
The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass popular civil insurrections which would result in the overthrow of authoritarian regimes in dozens of countries over the next three decades. On february 1, 1979, ayatollah khomeini returned to iran from exile. Chapter 2 focuses on the social, political and economic status of iran, pre and post revolution, and highlights the contrasts between the two. From september 1978 to february 1979, in the course of a massive urban revolution with millions of participants, the iranian people toppled the regime of muhammad reza shah pahlavi 19411979, which had pursued a highly authoritarian program of economic and cultural modernization. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. Summary of 1979 islamic revolution for dummies the iranian. Ruhollah khomeini ruhollah khomeini centre greeting supporters after returning to tehran, february 1979. The 1979 revolution, which brought together iranians across many different social groups, has its roots in irans long history. Iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. Ruhollah khomeini returned from exile to lead the new islamic republic. On february 9th, 1979, million of iranians came on to the streets of teheran to welcome the return of the religious leader ayatollah. The iranian revolution kent as the islamic revolution or 1979 revolution an aw.
The iranian revolution of 1979 was many years in the making. The safavid dynasty ruled iran until 1722, when an afghan army invaded the country and captured isfahan. Access to society journal content varies across our titles. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east. Iranian revolution timeline of events, suzanne maloney and keian razipour. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. The iranian revolution of 1979 has been described as one of the epochal. Causes and effects of iranian revolution flashcards quizlet. James buchan read persian at oxford university and in isfahan in the 1970s and was for many years. After attending graduate school, she plans on pursuing a career in public education. Its true that ayatollah khomeini was the leading opposition personality. Iranian armed forces to quash the islamic revolution. Background to the revolution shah reza pahlevi, returning to iran after a weeklong exile due to the failled mohamed mossadegh coup detat. What to read to understand the 1979 iranian revolution, suzanne maloney, eliora katz, and keian.
The iranian revolution opened a new chapter in the history of mass popular revolutions in the world. The iranian revolution 1977 1979 download pdf version by stephen zunes april 2009. The iranian revolution narrative is typically presented to the public and students as a revolution led by islamic radicals to overthrow the evil shah. Brief background information explains the underpinnings of the revolution and basic facts about islam. In november 1979 students stormed that american embassy in tehran in protest at america allowing the shah into the country for medical treatment. It was a close ally of the west and the united states in particular. Irans islamic revolution after the overthrow of the shah, an american ally became one of its biggest. Pdf this paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah.
Irans islamic revolution after the overthrow of the shah, an american ally became one of its biggest adversaries. Causes and consequences for regional stability leicester university dissertation. The dionysian rites of henry kissingers cia and the iranian revolution of 2010 by ilene december 31st, 2009 3. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. The 1979 iranian revolution was a major landmark in iranian history. Suzanne maloney, editor of the new brookings press volume the iranian revolution at forty, discusses the enduring significance of the 1979 iranian revolution with brookings press director bill. From october of 1977 to february of 1979, the people of iran called for the end of the monarchy but they didnt necessarily agree on what should replace it. The revolution and the iranian revolution 2172 words 9 pages. The iranian revolution past, present and future content. Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution september 30, 20 this case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of 1970s iran that led the iranian people to accept, and then maintain, religion as the basis of a new political system after deposing mohammad reza shah pahlavi in 1979.
Covering islam took as its point of departure the iranian revolution, which by then had been fully counterrevolutionized by the forces of the ayatollah. The organs of the iranian state serve the revolution, not the other way around. In simple terms, the regime of muhammad reza shah pahlavi was overthrown by a coalition of opposition forces dominated by shii muslim fundamentalists. Michel foucault and the culture of the iranian revolution, 19781979 janet afary in 197879, in the course of a massive urban revolution with several million participants, the iranian people toppled the government of mohammad reza shah pahlavi r.
Iran had been the most westernized and secular country in the middle east. And the end goal of the revolution was never a state, it was the expansion of the revolution. He helped overthrow the much hated regime of the shah. Iranian revolution the iranian revolution is considered the 3rd greatest revolution in history. This concise but informative history chronicles how the iranian revolution of 1979 transformed iran from a monarchy to a fundamentalist islamic republic. The iranian peoples revolution is only a point in the start of the revolution of the great world of islam. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. Religion and diplomacy emma dambek emma dambek is a junior history major from decorah, iowa. The iranian revolution at 30 middle east institute. Religiouslyoriented opposition in the iranian revolution of 1978 1979. The aim is to present an explanation of the factors that led to the iranian revolution in 1979. Iran s revolution began with a popular democracy movement and ended with the establishment of the world s first islamic state. The shah, irans ruler for nearly four decades, had fled the country.
The islamic revolution of 1979 took place in a nonarab country with a rich historical heritage. Anatomy of a revolution a look at the events that triggered the khomeini movement and led to irans islamic revolution in 1979. The newsmagazine for teens tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. The iranian revolution of february 1979, by homa katouzian. Panelists reflect on the events that unfolded during the iranian revolution in 1979, how the united states responded, and the consequences for today. The iranian revolution past, present and future brought the safavids into direct conflict with the ottoman empire and led to two centuries of intermittent warfare between those two powerful states. Remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks. Chapter 1 the historical background chapter 2 notes on the history of iran chapter 3 the communist party of iran chapter 4 the february revolution of 1979 chapter 5 the basis of islamic fundamentalism chapter 6 the economics of counterrevolution.
The iranian revolution there are various parties that have different viewpoints and opinions of the revolution. Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution amazon s3. The 1979 revolution was a characteristically iranian revolution a revolution by the whole society against the state in which various ideologies were represented, the most dominant being those with islamic tendencies islamist, marxistislamic and democraticislamic and marxistleninist tendencies fadai, tudeh, maoist, trotskyist, and. February 2004 marked the twentyfifth anniversary of the iranian revolution. Theses on the iranian revolution fred halliday, 1979. The iranian revolution 19771979 international center on. Just as islam increasingly became the catalyst for the 1979 revolution, it also acted as a unifying force for iranians throughout khomeinis tenure as supreme leader. It is the story of two villains making life difficult. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of. The shah fled into exile in january 1979 and exiled cleric ayatollah.
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